Compare and Contrast Oka, Ipperwash and Caledonia
Ipperwash was a land dispute in Ipperwash Provincial Park in 1995. Several members of the Stoney Point Ojibway started a protest in Ipperwash Provincial Park to draw attention to the decades-old land claims. In World War II the government of Canada wanted reserve land for the Stoney Point Band for military training and offered to pay $15 per acre and promised to return the land once the war ended. The Natives rejected the offer, and in response the federal government took the land by force under the War Measures Act. Since then the Natives never got their land back. On September 4th 1995 a group of natives started to protest. The OPP’s strategy was to occupy the part peacefully with the natives. This was fine until a Native from the group smashed the window of a police cruiser. The OPP pulled back from the park after that. The OPP became concerned what a group of natives emerged from the forest into the Sandy Parking lot area with bats and sticks. The OPP deployed a Crowd Management Unit, CMU advanced on the Natives to try and get them to retreat to the park. When the CMU advanced the natives started to retreat, in response so did the CMU, but then a native named Cecil Bernard George approached the CMU (peacefully according to the protesters, violently according to police) Cecil Bernard was beaten and then arrested. The remaining natives occupiers tried to rescue Cecil Bernard, this turned into a riot scene. The riot ended with the death of Dudley George after he was shot.
Caledonia was a land dispute over 40 hectors which was to be developed into a residential subdivisions known as the Douglas Creek Estates. On February 28th 2006 a group of from the Six Nations reserve started to protest. There were several out brakes of violence especially with the Six Nations people and the citizens on Caledonia where several people were arrested. A barricade was put up and removed several time by natives due to certain events a courses of action.
The Oka Crisis was a land dispute between the Mohawk and the Town of Oka over a golf course. A golf course was to be extended from 9 to 18 holes but the area that the golf course was to be extend into, the Mohawks claimed to be their sacred land. The Mohawks decided to take up arms in the woods where the golf course was to be extended. The Mohawks blocked of the rode and later several highways. There was only one shoot off which resulted in one death. After 78 days the Mohawks came out of the woods and surrendered. The planes to extend the gold course were cancelled.
Even though all three events involved different native groups all three of these events share a common goal, to defend native rights and land. Sadly all three events resulted in violence that resulted in deaths or major injuries. There was not a single situation where the native communities gave up easily they all fought till they no longer could.